Hello, I am an electronics technician and a fan of programming. I created this website to share my work and hobbies...

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to ReivaJPG Blog

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[ESP Web Tools](https://reivajpg.github.io/esp-web-tools/)

## Covid-19 Situation

Nam ut rutrum ex, venenatis sollicitudin urna. Aliquam erat volutpat. Integer eu ipsum sem. Ut bibendum lacus vestibulum maximus suscipit. Quisque vitae nibh iaculis neque blandit euismod.

> Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Nemo vel ad consectetur ut aperiam. Itaque eligendi natus aperiam? Excepturi repellendus consequatur quibusdam optio expedita praesentium est adipisci dolorem ut eius!

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![alter-text](/images/post/post-1.png)
*Example Caption*

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Development ESP 

## Secuencia de arranque de la placa base de un laptop

Comprender la secuencia de potencia de las placas base de las computadoras portátiles es muy importante. En primer lugar, la secuencia de potencia es el intercambio de voltajes y señales entre los chips de la placa base.

En segundo lugar, esto sucede antes de que aparezca algo en la pantalla.

La secuencia de potencia es la fase en la que la placa base se prepara para funcionar. Esta fase consiste en enviar órdenes a diferentes generadores de voltaje desde algunos circuitos integrados. En segundo lugar, recibir la confirmación garantiza que los principales circuitos integrados de la placa base funcionen.

La secuencia de potencia debe tener lugar en un orden específico. En segundo lugar, si no se envía o recibe una señal o confirmación, esta fase se detiene allí y, finalmente, nada funcionará.

La secuencia de potencia se utiliza para [solucionar problemas de la placa base de la computadora portátil](https://displaymonk.com/laptop-chip-level-repair-career-guide/) mediante la prueba de voltajes porque la ausencia de algunos voltajes indica problemas con algunos circuitos integrados. También en algunos esquemas, se describe la secuencia de potencia, lo que facilita la resolución de problemas.


### Pasos para verificar el voltaje y la secuencia de señal para la placa base de la computadora portátil en el escenario
Los escalones se conocen como escaleras para voltajes y señales. Estos pasos se dan a continuación.

1. ALWAYS VOLTAGE Checking:
    Estos voltajes se genera antes de que se presione el botón de encendido. Se proporcionan 3 voltios a SIO y EC BIOS.

2. After Pressing The POWER BUTTON:
    Una vez que el botón de encendido presiona SIO([Super I/O](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_I/O)) para informar al PCH y encender los [buck converters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buck_converter) uno tras otro.

3. POWER ON VOLTAGES check:
    Los voltajes después del encendido debe producirse como se indica a continuación:
        3.3 Volt
        5 Volt
        1.8 Volt
        1.5 Volt
        1.05 Volt
        CPU CORE
        0.9 GFX Core

4. POWER GOOD Signal Check:
    El PCH recibe la señal de confirmación de la señal SYS PWR OK que dice que toda la energía está bien.

5. RESET Signal Check:
    El PCH genera una señal PLTRST para borrar los valores basura de la placa base y restablecer la placa base.

6. CLOCK SIgnal Check:
    El CLOCK comienza a generar diferentes frecuencias según los requisitos de los chips.

7. Starts Reading BIOS:
    En este paso, la CPU comienza a leer [BIOS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BIOS) .

8. POST Checking By Motherboard:
    En este paso, la placa base prueba todos los chips y dispositivos en este proceso que también se denomina 'Autocomprobación de encendido'.

##### Estados de energía de la placa base para comprender el poder de la placa base de la computadora portátil en las etapas de secuencia:

Estos son los estados del portátil en función de su consumo de energía, ya conoces dos estados que son:
        Enciendes la Laptop.
        La computadora portátil se apaga por usted.

Los estados de la placa base se mencionan en el carácter 'Sx' donde la x es un número entre 0 y 5.

S0 State:
    Funcionando, el sistema es totalmente utilizable, todos los componentes tienen voltaje.

S1, S2, S3 State:
    Suspender, la computadora portátil parece estar apagada, la computadora portátil consume menos energía que en el estado S0, la RAM tiene su voltaje y se mantiene actualizada. Para despertar la computadora portátil de este estado de suspensión, solo necesita presionar una tecla en el teclado o mover el mouse.

S4 State:
    Hibernate, el sistema parece estar apagado y el consumo de energía se reduce al nivel más bajo. Se mantiene una imagen de la RAM en el disco porque la RAM pierde sus voltajes, para activar la computadora portátil debe presionar el botón de encendido.

S5 State:
    En este estado, la placa base de la computadora portátil se apaga.



### Tipos de voltajes en la placa base para etapas de secuencia de encendido:

Hay cuatro etapas en la placa base de la computadora portátil que se detallan a continuación:

#### Always Supply Voltage Type (ALWS or AUX or AL) / Suministros de voltaje siempre activos (ALWS o AUX o AL):
        Estos voltajes siempre están presentes incluso cuando la computadora portátil está apagada, con una condición: la batería debe estar colocada o el cargador enchufado. Estos voltajes son:

    5 voltios CC
    3,3 voltios CC
Los 5 voltios y los 3,3 voltios provienen de circuitos integrados generadores de voltaje en la placa base .

#### Suspension Voltage Type (SUS ON) / Suministro de voltaje de suspensión (SUS ON)
        Estos voltajes están presentes en modo suspendido o dormido (S1, S2, S3):

    5 voltios CC
    3,3 voltios CC
    Voltaje de RAM (para DDR1: 2,5 voltios, para DDR2: 1,8 voltios, para DDR3: 1,5 voltios, para DDR4: 1,2 voltios)
Tenga en cuenta que el 5 Volt y el 3.3 Volt no son los mismos que los ALWS, hay otros bucks que genera esos 5 voltios y 3.3 Volt.

#### Power On Voltage Type (RUN) (S0 State)
        Todos los componentes tienen ahora sus voltajes. Hay un suministro de 1,05 voltios y también se hace 1,8 voltios.

#### CPU Core Voltage Type / Tipo de voltaje del núcleo de la CPU
        La CPU requiere voltaje central, por ejemplo, una corriente alta de aproximadamente 20 amperios a 30 amperios. El chip de gráficos de la placa base más nuevo también está integrado en la CPU. Por lo tanto, también se requiere el voltaje del núcleo de gráficos. Estos voltajes son voltajes de núcleo GFX. Estos voltajes son aproximados:

    CPU Core = 0,8 voltios a 1,5 voltios / 20 amperios a 30 amperios.

    GFX Core = 0,8 voltios a 1,5 voltios / 10 amperios a 20 amperios.


#### Voltages de entrada de la placa base del ordenador portátil
        Hay dos fuentes de entrada de energía en la placa base de una computadora portátil, una es la entrada del adaptador y otra es la entrada de la batería.

La entrada del adaptador y la sección de carga de la batería se denominan secciones VIN (Voltage Injection). Esta sección decide qué energía debe enviarse al interior. Esta sección tiene otra tarea que es la carga de batería(Battery Charging) donde se utilizan varios buck converters para cumplir con esta tarea.



### List Of Laptop Motherboard Power On Signals
The following are laptop motherboard power on signals:

| SIGNAL NAME        | DESCRIPTION                                                                |
|--------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| VCC                | 3 Volt power to SIO and BIOS                                               |
| ECRST              | RESET to SIO                                                               |
| LID SWITCH         | The lid sensor should work                                                 |
| THERMTRIP          | The thermal trip should normal                                             |
| Clock SIO          | 32.7khz clock from either PCH                                              |
| EC BIOS            | EC BIOS should perfect                                                     |
| RTCRST             | RTC RESET and crystal 32khz should to PCH                                  |
| VCCDSW3_3          | Power to PCH                                                               |
| DPWROK             | Power OK Indication for the VccDSW3_3 voltage rail                         |
| PWRBTN (NBSON)     | Power switch 3 – 0 – 3 variation                                           |
| RSMRST             | SIO generates 3 Volt at this pin                                           |
| PM_PWRBTN          | Post power button to PCH 3 Volt variation.                                 |
| SLP_4 SLP_3        | PCH generates 3 Volts send to SIO giving confirmation to turn on the power |
| SYSON, SUSP, VR ON | All buck converters turn on one by one                                     | 


### Signal Name And Description For Laptop Power On Signals
When power is connected either from the adapter or battery to the motherboard it passes from various stages.

Below mention a chart given signal name and their description.

| SIGNAL NAME              | DESCRIPTION                                                                                                                   |
|--------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| VIN voltage              | Check the input voltage to this current sensing resistor                                                                      |
| VIN                      | VIN is 3 Volt and 5 Volt section input voltage to 3 Volt and 5 Volt chip                                                      |
| VREG3                    | 3 Volt linear output from 3 Volt and 5 Volt section which is going to SIO                                                     |
| VCC                      | SIO gets 3 Volt at its power input pin                                                                                        |
| ECRST                    | EC reset signal 3 Volt reset to SIO                                                                                           |
| THERMTRIP                | THERMTRIP thermal signal                                                                                                      |
| LID SW                   | LID SW is a magnetic lid sensor                                                                                               |
| BIOS                     | EC BIOS starts communicating with SIO                                                                                         |
| NBSWRON /PWRBTN          | The power switch when we press 3 Volt goes zero and then again comes to 3 Volt. Moreover, you can see their 3 Volt variation. |
| ECON                     | SIO generates an ECON signal and turns on always section 3.3 Volt and 5 Volt buck converter output.                           |
| 3.3 Volt ALW, 5 Volt ALW | 3.3 Volt and 5 Volt Buck converter output voltage.                                                                            |
| PCH_PWR EN               | SIO generates this signal and provides power to PCH                                                                           |
| VCCDSW3.3                | PCH power management section gets 3 Volt power                                                                                |
| DPWROK                   | This signal is confirmation to PCH power 3 Volt                                                                               |
| RTCRST                   | RTC reset signal 3 Volt                                                                                                       |
| SUSCLK                   | 32.7KHZ clock frequency to SIO                                                                                                |
| RSMRST                   | SIO sends a 3 Volt signal to PCH to reset and resume called RSMRST                                                            |
| DNBWORON PMBTN           | SIO sends post power button signal to PCH 3 Volt to zero and back                                                             |
| SLP_S4 (SUSB)            | 3 Volt power plane wake up signal to PCH to reset and resume called RSMRST                                                    |
| SPL_S3 (SUSC)            | 3 Volt power plan wake up signal from PCH to SIO                                                                              |
| SYSON, SUSP, VR ON       | SIO turn on all buck converter one by one                                                                                     |




### Diagrama de secuencia de encendido para señales de encendido de portátiles / Power On Sequence Diagram For Laptop Power On Signals
A continuación se muestran los diagramas para las señales de encendido de la computadora portátil.
![alter-text](/images/post/post-1.png)
*Diagrama de secuencia de encendido*


### Señales de encendido de portátiles para placas base generales / Laptop Power On Signals For General Motherboards
A continuación se muestran las señales de encendido para placas base generales. / Below is the power on signals for general Motherboards.


| SIGNAL NAME              | DESCRIPTION                                                                                                         |
|--------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| CURRENT SENSING RESISTOR | Check here 18 Volt. Secondly, if not coming then check 1st or 2nd MOSFET or battery charging chip                   |
| VIN                      | DC Voltage input to always voltage chips at its VIN pin                                                             |
| VREG3                    | 3 Volt linear output from the chip                                                                                  |
| VCC                      | 3 Volt power to SIO and BIOS                                                                                        |
| ECRST                    | 3 Volt reset signal to SIO                                                                                          |
| AC OK                    | 3 Volt signal coming from battery charging chip indicating power coming from adapter.                               |
|                          | SIO start communicating with BIOS                                                                                   |
| NBSWRON                  | The power switch goes zero and comes back to 3 Volt                                                                 |
| S5_ENABLE                | After the power button is pressed SIO generates an S5_ENABLE signal to 3 Volt and turns on the 3 and 5 Volt section |
| VCCDSW3_3                | This 3 Volt power turn on PCH                                                                                       |
| DPWROK                   | Power ok to PCH 3 Volt                                                                                              |
| SUSCLK                   | 32.7KHZ clock frequency coming from PCH to SIO                                                                      |
| RSMRST                   | Resume Reset Signal                                                                                                 |
| DNBWRON PM_PWRON         | Post power button signal generate from SIO to PCH                                                                   |
| SLP_3 SLP_4              | Wake up signal generated by PCH send to SIO                                                                         |
| SUS ON SYSON             | Buck converter on signal                                                                                            |



 


![Fuente](https://displaymonk.com/power-sequence-of-laptop-motherboard/)
[Fuente Intel](https://www.intel.com/content/dam/www/public/us/en/documents/white-papers/ia-adv-board-bring-up-paper.pdf)


Secuencia de arranque de la placa base de un laptop

Comó obtener acceso Root en su LG TV con WebOS


[image](/images/post/)

##Que es Kodi?
Kodi es un centro multimedia gratuito de código abierto (GPL) y multiplataforma que puede centralizar todos sus medios locales, de red y de Internet en una ubicación de fácil acceso; está disponible para casi cualquier plataforma.

Lamentablemente en la tienda de aplicaciones de LG WebOS Kodi no está disponible, pero el repositorio de Homebrew viene al rescate ...

##Por qué debería de elegir Kodi en lugar de otras alternativas?
La respuesta es clara y sencilla, los Add-ons. Explicado de forma muy sencilla, los Add-ons son pequeños «programas» o extensiones que nos permitirán realizar diferentes funciones: consultar el tiempo, agregar un servidor propio, enlazar servicios como Plex, ver programas de televisión y un larguísimo etcétera.

##¿Por qué Kodi no está disponible en su LG webOS?


Aplicaciones para Smart TV en LG
Después de terminar el desarrollo de su aplicación, es posible que deba probarla. La aplicación Developer Mode proporciona una forma más rápida de instalar, depurar y probar aplicaciones webOS TV en su televisor. A continuación se muestra el concepto de la aplicación Developer Mode que se conecta entre la TV y la PC.


El modo desarrollador está habilitado por un tiempo limitado (1000 horas). Una vez que se activa el Modo desarrollador, puede verificar el tiempo restante de la sesión en el campo Sesión restante.

Para ampliar el tiempo restante, conecte el televisor a una red y haga clic en el botón EXTEND. Si el tiempo de la sesión expira, no podrá extender el tiempo de la sesión. Puede extender el tiempo de la sesión con el comando ares -extend-dev desde la CLI.

https://mirrors.kodi.tv/nightlies/webos/master/

## Covid-19 Situation

Nam ut rutrum ex, venenatis sollicitudin urna. Aliquam erat volutpat. Integer eu ipsum sem. Ut bibendum lacus vestibulum maximus suscipit. Quisque vitae nibh iaculis neque blandit euismod.

> Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Nemo vel ad consectetur ut aperiam. Itaque eligendi natus aperiam? Excepturi repellendus consequatur quibusdam optio expedita praesentium est adipisci dolorem ut eius!

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Nemo vel ad consectetur ut aperiam. Itaque eligendi natus aperiam? Excepturi repellendus consequatur quibusdam optio expedita praesentium est adipisci dolorem ut eius!

![alter-text](/images/post/post-1.png)
*Example Caption*

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Nemo vel ad consectetur ut aperiam. Itaque eligendi natus aperiam? Excepturi repellendus consequatur quibusdam optio expedita praesentium est adipisci dolorem ut eius! Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Nemo vel ad consectetur ut aperiam. Itaque eligendi natus aperiam? Excepturi repellendus consequatur quibusdam optio expedita praesentium est adipisci dolorem ut eius!


Instalando Kodi en un Smart TV LG con WebOS


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Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Nemo vel ad consectetur ut aperiam. Itaque eligendi natus aperiam? Excepturi repellendus consequatur quibusdam optio expedita praesentium est adipisci dolorem ut eius!

## Covid-19 Situation

Nam ut rutrum ex, venenatis sollicitudin urna. Aliquam erat volutpat. Integer eu ipsum sem. Ut bibendum lacus vestibulum maximus suscipit. Quisque vitae nibh iaculis neque blandit euismod.

> Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Nemo vel ad consectetur ut aperiam. Itaque eligendi natus aperiam? Excepturi repellendus consequatur quibusdam optio expedita praesentium est adipisci dolorem ut eius!

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Nemo vel ad consectetur ut aperiam. Itaque eligendi natus aperiam? Excepturi repellendus consequatur quibusdam optio expedita praesentium est adipisci dolorem ut eius!

![alter-text](/images/post/post-1.png)
*Example Caption*

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Nemo vel ad consectetur ut aperiam. Itaque eligendi natus aperiam? Excepturi repellendus consequatur quibusdam optio expedita praesentium est adipisci dolorem ut eius! Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Nemo vel ad consectetur ut aperiam. Itaque eligendi natus aperiam? Excepturi repellendus consequatur quibusdam optio expedita praesentium est adipisci dolorem ut eius!


How to make toys from old Olarpaper

What you need to know about Programming

Why you need to learn PHP

What is a Virtual Assistant

Robotic world is growing very fast

My work from home workstation

Github Repository Controls

Drone Software and Development



M1/M2 DFU Restore

Nemo vel ad consectetur namut rutrum ex, venenatis sollicitudin urna. Aliquam erat volutpat. Integer eu ipsum sem. Ut bibendum lacus vestibulum maximus suscipit. Quisque vitae nibh iaculis neque blandit euismod.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Nemo vel ad consectetur ut aperiam. Itaque eligendi natus aperiam? Excepturi repellendus consequatur quibusdam optio expedita praesentium est adipisci dolorem ut eius!

## Covid-19 Situation

Nam ut rutrum ex, venenatis sollicitudin urna. Aliquam erat volutpat. Integer eu ipsum sem. Ut bibendum lacus vestibulum maximus suscipit. Quisque vitae nibh iaculis neque blandit euismod.

> Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Nemo vel ad consectetur ut aperiam. Itaque eligendi natus aperiam? Excepturi repellendus consequatur quibusdam optio expedita praesentium est adipisci dolorem ut eius!

## Work From Home

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Nemo vel ad consectetur ut aperiam. Itaque eligendi natus aperiam? Excepturi repellendus consequatur quibusdam optio expedita praesentium est adipisci dolorem ut eius!

![alter-text](/images/post/post-1.png)
*Example Caption*

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Nemo vel ad consectetur ut aperiam. Itaque eligendi natus aperiam? Excepturi repellendus consequatur quibusdam optio expedita praesentium est adipisci dolorem ut eius! Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Nemo vel ad consectetur ut aperiam. Itaque eligendi natus aperiam? Excepturi repellendus consequatur quibusdam optio expedita praesentium est adipisci dolorem ut eius!quatur quibusdam optio expedita praesentium est adipisci dolorem ut eius!



[T2 BridgeOS DFU Restore](https://mrmacintosh.com/how-to-restore-bridgeos-on-a-t2-mac-how-to-put-a-mac-into-dfu-mode/)

##How to Restore BridgeOS on a T2 Mac + Boot a Mac to DFU Mode
 ![alter-text](/images/post/t2_dfu_restore/RestoreBridgeOSDFUMode-768x522.png)
*How to Restore BridgeOS on a 2018+ T2 Mac using Apple Configurator 2. How to Boot your Mac into DFU Mode*

How to Restore BridgeOS on a 2018+ T2 Mac using Apple Configurator 2. How to Boot your Mac into DFU Mode

##Did a macOS Update Brick your T2 Mac? I will Show you how to Boot your Mac into DFU Mode so you can Restore BridgeOS.
This article will go over how to restore BridgeOS on your T2 Mac. This is not something that you will ever normally have to do. Restoring or reinstalling BridgeOS firmware would only be needed in the following situations.

1. Failed macOS Upgrade
2. Failed macOS Combo or Delta Update
3. Failed macOS Security Update
4. Failed macOS Reinstall
5. Failed BridgeOS or Failed Firmware Update
6. “Command Option R” fails to boot your T2 Mac to the newest version of macOS Internet Recovery. (Example: 10.14 is out but the Mac boots to 10.13)
This link shows the different ways you can boot to the Recovery Partition or Internet Recovery [support.apple.com/en-us/HT204904](https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT204904)

Typical symptoms that you might see that would indicate a failed or bricked update.

Mac Seems dead
Will not turn on
Black Screen
No Fan Noise
Power on LED Light does not turn on (Mac Mini or 2020 iMac)
If you find yourself in one of these situations you can follow the instructions below.


My quick 4 min video on how to boot your into DFU mode + restore / revive BridgeOS.

Deep Dive explanation on how to boot your Mac into DFU Mode + How to Reinstall BridgeOS with Apple Configurator 2 – Mr. Macintosh YouTube live demo.
Table of Contents
1. Updates
2. Warning!
3. List of T2 Compatible Macs
4. How do I find my T2 Mac BridgeOS Version?
5. Setup and Cable Requirements before you begin
6. Download Apple Configurator 2 app
7. How to Boot your T2 Mac into DFU Mode
8. Instructions for the MacBook Pro & Air (2018-2020)
9. Instructions for the iMac & iMac Pro (2017 & 2020)
10. Instructions for the Mac Mini (2018-2020)
11. Instructions for the Mac Pro (2019)
12. You made it! Apple Configurator 2 Steps
13. Begin BridgeOS Revive / Restore
14. Finishing Up
15. Can I Downgrade from a Beta Version of BridgeOS to a Production version?
16. Troubleshooting DFU Mode & BridgeOS Update Problems
1. Updates
2. Warning about “Restore” Full Erase! Please Read
The new version of Apple Configurator 2 (2.12.1+) and newer has different options!

Actions > Advanced > Revive Device = Reinstall BridgeOS Only – Revive should be the first option to try. If a Revive does not work, move to the second option Restore.
Actions > Restore = Reinstall BridgeOS & ERASE OS AND USER DATA! – This option will reinstall BridgeOS and erase the SSD. This option is for more serious issues where the Mac does not respond after installing an update.
3. List of T2 Compatible Macs
This is a list of T2 Mac that you can can have BridgeOS restored.

2019-2020 16″ MacBook Pro
2018-2019 13″ & 15″ Macbook Pro
2018-2020 MacBook Air
2018 Mac Mini
2020 iMac
2017 iMac Pro
2019 Mac Pro
4. How do I find the BridgeOS Version on my T2 Mac?
From support.apple.com/en-us/HT203001 – “Choose Apple menu  > About This Mac. This opens an overview of your Mac, including your Mac model, processor, memory, serial number, and version of macOS. To see the greater detail provided by the System Information app, click the System Report button.”

MrMacintosh.com - About my Mac > System Report > BridgeOS version = 17.16.10525
About my Mac > System Report > BridgeOS version = 17.16.10525
5. Setup and Cable Requirements before you begin.
You will need to meet the following requirements –

(The Host Mac will do the work and the Target Mac is the Mac you need to Restore)

1. USB-C Mac as the Host Machine.
2. The Host Mac must have at least macOS 10.13.5 and Apple Configurator 2.6 or newer installed. (Version 2.12.1 is the latest)
3. The Host Mac Must be on the same OS version as the Target Mac that you want to Restore. (Example – If the Target Mac is on 10.15 you will need the Host Mac to be on 10.15. If the Host Mac is on 10.14 you will get an error 10)
3. Internet access on the Host Mac – “You may need to configure your web proxy or firewall ports to allow all network traffic from Apple”
4. USB-C to USB-C Cable – The white Apple USB-C Charge will work fine.(USB-C Cable MUST Support Power & Data). Apple notes that a Thunderbolt 3 to Thunderbolt 3 cable is not supported but I’ve tested it and it works fine.
5. The Host Mac can have the cable plugged in anywhere.
6. The Target Mac MUST have the USB-C Cable Plugged in to the Left Hand side USB-C port. This is First port in line (Port closest to the front of the Mac or trackpad) If you are still confused look at the picture below.
If you don’t meet all the prerequisites booting to DFU Mode or BridgeOS Upgrade might fail.
6. Download Apple Configurator 2
MrMacintosh.com - Download Apple Configurator 2 app from the Mac App Store. Version 2.6 or higher is required.
Download Apple Configurator 2 app. Version 2.6 or higher is required.
If you do not have Apple Configurator 2, you can download it now from the Mac App Store with this link.

https://apps.apple.com/us/app/apple-configurator-2/id1037126344?mt=12

7. How to Boot your T2 Mac into DFU Mode
With all the startup keyboard commands you can issue a Mac, booting into DFU Mode should be pretty simple right?

NOPE!

You have to follow a very particular sequence to get this to work. I have attempted to find the exact way to get this to work every time. Even then sometimes the system will refuse to Boot into DFU mode.

MrMacintosh.com - Me trying to get my T2 Mac into DFU mode without turning it off or booting into macOS.
Me trying to get my T2 Mac into DFU mode without turning it off or booting into macOS.
Apple’s Instructions
You can find Apple’s instructions for booting into DFU mode here.

help.apple.com/configurator/mac/2.7.1/#/apd0020c3dc2

UPDATE 4/13/20: New Apple Support Document

support.apple.com/guide/apple-configurator-2/revive-or-restore-mac-firmware-apdebea5be51/mac

MrMacintosh.com - Apple's instructions for booting your T2 MacBook Pro into DFU mode.
Apple’s instructions for booting your T2 MacBook Pro into DFU mode. Image: Apple Inc
8. My Instructions for the MacBook Pro & Air
Bottom line, it’s hard to get your T2 Mac into DFU mode. You could try Apple’s instructions 10 times and STILL not get into DFU mode.

Once you have meet all of the pre requisites above, follow the instructions below to get into DFU Mode every time.

1. The Target Mac must be OFF to begin.
2. Press the Power button and hold for 1 second.
3. While STILL holding power immediately hold down Right Shift, Left Control and Left Option.
Hold down all 4 keys for 8 Seconds (count 1 one thousand) then let go of all keys.
You will not see anything on the Target Mac screen.
Keep an eye on the Host Mac’s Apple Configurator 2 Application. The App should say “Connect Devices”
When the Target Mac is booted into DFU mode correctly, the host will show a big DFU icon in Apple Configurator 2.
After you see the DFU picture pop up on the Host Mac you can let go of the keys.
MrMacintosh.com - DFU T2 Booting Instructions - Make sure the Mac is OFF. Hold down power for 1 second then also hold Right Shift, Left Control and Left Option for 8 total seconds then let go.
DFU T2 Booting Instructions – Make sure the Mac is OFF. Hold down power for 1 second then also hold Right Shift, Left Control and Left Option for 8 total seconds then let go.
9. Instructions for the iMac (2020) & iMac Pro (2017)
The iMac 2020 & iMac Pro 2017 are a little different yet are super simple to get into DFU Mode.

1. Disconnect the power cord from the iMac Pro or Mac Mini.
2. Plug USB-C/Thunderbolt cable into the USB-C port next to the Ethernet Port.
3. Plug the other end into the Host Mac.
4. While holding down the power button, connect the iMac Pro or Mac Mini to power and continue to hold the power button for about 3-5 seconds
5. You should now see the DFU logo on the Host Mac.
10. Instructions for the Mac Mini (2018)
The Mac Mini 2018 instructions are close to the iMac Pro but the USB-C port that you need is next to the HDMI port instead of the Ethernet port like the iMac Pro.

MrMacintosh.com - How to boot a Mac Mini 2018 into DFU mode to restore BridgeOS - Image: Apple Inc
How to boot a Mac Mini 2018 into DFU mode to restore BridgeOS – Image: Apple Inc
1. Disconnect the power cord from the Mac Mini.
2. Plug USB-C/Thunderbolt cable into the USB-C port next to the HDMI Port.
3. Plug the other end into the Host Mac.
4. While holding down the power button, connect the Mac Mini to power and continue to hold the power button for about 3-5 seconds
5. You should now see the DFU logo on the Host Mac.
11. Instructions for the Mac Pro (2019)
The Mac Pro 2019 instructions were just added to the DFU instruction guide.

MrMacintosh.com - How to boot a Mac Pro 2019 into DFU mode to restore BridgeOS - Image: Apple Inc
How to boot a Mac Pro 2019 into DFU mode to restore BridgeOS – Image: Apple Inc
1. Disconnect the power cord from the Mac Pro.
2. Plug USB-C/Thunderbolt cable into the USB-C port farthest from the power button.
3. Plug the other end into the Host Mac.
4. While holding down the power button, connect the Mac Pro to power and continue to hold the power button for about 3-5 seconds.
5. You should now see the DFU logo on the Host Mac.
12. You made it! Apple Configurator 2 Steps
The hard part is now over. Now we can restore BridgeOS on the Target Mac. When you first open Apple Configurator 2 the screen will look like this.

MrMacintosh.com - This is what you will see if the Mac is NOT booted to DFU mode.
This is what you will see if the Mac is NOT booted to DFU mode.
Once your Mac is booted to DFU mode, you will see this screen on Apple Configurator 2. You are now ready for the next step.

MrMacintosh.com - When you see a big DFU icon when your Mac is properly booted into DFU Mode.
When you see a big DFU icon when your Mac is properly booted into DFU Mode.
13. Begin BridgeOS Revive
You are now ready to restore BridgeOS on the Target Mac. Click Actions > Advanced > Revive Device.

(DO NOT CLICK RESTORE YET) Only run Restore if Revive does not work. (Restore Erases your Hard drive!!!!!!!)

MrMacintosh.com - Apple Configurator 2. Actions > Restore.
OLD PICTURE – Select Actions > Advanced > Revive Device (NOT Restore) 1st
You will now see a warning message. Do you want update “iBridge” to the latest firmware version? You cannot undo this action. This means that once you update BridgeOS/iBridge you cannot go back to the previous version.

An updated Apple support document shows that we now have 2 different options.

Actions > Advanced > Revive Device = Reinstall BridgeOS Only
Actions > Restore = Reinstall BridgeOS & ERASE OS AND USER DATA!
MrMacintosh.com - Apple Configurator 2 version 2.12.1 - New Message that warns that the BridgeOS Restore will ERASE ALL OS AND USER DATA!
AC2 version 2.11 – 2.12.1 ??? New Message that warns that the BridgeOS Restore will ERASE ALL OS AND USER DATA!
The message below is what you will see on at least AC2 version 2.10 and below. OR if you click Revive instead of restore.


AC2 Version 2.10 and below – Do you want to restore and update “iBridge” to the latest firmware version?
Click the Restore Button to begin. Step one will download the latest BridgeOS update from Apple.

MrMacintosh.com - Step 1. Downloading the latest BridgeOS from Apple.
Step 1. Downloading the latest BridgeOS from Apple.
Step 2. Unzipping BridgeOS

MrMacintosh.com - Step 2. Unzipping the BridgeOS Update.
Step 2. Unzipping the BridgeOS Update.
Step 3. Installing BridgeOS Update.

MrMacintosh.com - Step 3. Installing BridgeOS
Step 3. Installing BridgeOS
14. Finishing Up
If you would like to see more information you can click View and see a new activity window.

MrMacintosh.com - Apple Configurator 2 Activity window.
Apple Configurator 2 Activity window.
The entire process will only take about 4-10 Minutes. Most of the time is spent downloading the 400-600MB BridgeOS Update. The Unzip and Install parts only take about 1 minute each. When complete the Mac will automatically Boot up.

NOTE: with version 2.12.1, the entire process may never finish correctly and get stuck at the final part (probably a bug). Once your Target Mac is at the login window the restore is complete. The error that you might see is 0xFA5 (4005)

15. Can I Downgrade from a Beta Version of BridgeOS to a Production version? i.e Bug Sur BridgeOS to Catalina Version?
Let’s say that you installed Big Sur Beta 6, and are now having a ton of problems. You probably want to downgrade to Catalina so you can work again. The only problem is, you are still on Big Sur Beta 6 BridgeOS version 18.16.12370. Keep in mind, your Mac SHOULD still work fine with this version. An example of this is if you have Catalina 10.15.6 installed on your Mac, your BridgeOS version is 17.16.16610. Let’s say that you need to test something on version 10.15.3. After installing Catalina 10.15.3, your BridgeOS version will NOT be downgraded to the period correct version of 17.16.13050. It will run just fine on the 10.15.6 version of 17.16.16610 BridgeOS. The same is the case if you have a Big Sur Beta version of BridgeOS and you downgrade to Catalina.

The answer is YES, follow the link below for an explanation.

mrmacintosh.com/how-to-downgrade-t2-bridgeos-beta-to-a-production-version/

16. Troubleshooting DFU Mode & BridgeOS Update Problems
I can’t get my Mac to boot into DFU mode. This is the toughest part of the whole process as I mentioned above. Keep trying the steps I listed above. Sometimes it takes multiple attempts to get his to work.
You can use System Information to see if the USB-C port lists your Mac in DFU Mode.
MrMacintosh.com - System Information showing a Mac plugged in booted to DFU Mode.
System Information showing a Mac plugged in booted to DFU Mode.
BridgeOS Restore Error 79- The OS Cannot be restored on this device. The Operation couldn’t be completed. (AMRestoreErrorDomain error 79 – Failed to handle message type StatusMsg) [AMRestoreErrorDomain – 0x4F (79)] – If you get this error it means that the BridgeOS update has failed and is unable to complete. The system will be unable to boot. When powered on the screen will be black. The Mac will have to be brought to an Apple Store for Service.
MrMacintosh.com - BridgeOS Restore Error - The OS Cannot be restored on this device. The Operation couldn't be completed.
BridgeOS Restore Error – The OS Cannot be restored on this device. The Operation couldn’t be completed.
BridgeOS Restore Error 10 – The BridgeOS Restore failed! This is most likely because the host Mac was 1 or 2 OS Versions behind the Target Mac. The Host and Target Mac need to be on the same OS Version.

If your Target Mac is on 10.15, then your Host Mac needs to be on 10.15.

The OS Cannot be restored on this device.

The operation couldn’t be completed. (AMRestoreErrorDomain error 10 – Failed to handle message type StatusMsg) [AMRestoreErrorDomain – 0xA (10)]

MrMacintosh.com - BridgeOS Restore Error 10 - The Host and Target Mac need to be on the same OS Version.
BridgeOS Restore Error 10 – The Host and Target Mac need to be on the same OS Version.
Host Mac and Target Mac Disconnected during restore. – Error 4005

The OS Cannot be restored on this device.

Gave up waiting for device to transition from RestoreOS state to BootedOS State. [com.apple.MobileDevice.MobileRestore – 0xFA5 (4005)]

MrMacintosh.com - BridgeOS Restore Error 4005
BridgeOS Restore Error 0xFA5 (4005)
This error will come up when the restore process has been interrupted.

Or, you might get this using Apple Configurator 2 version 2.12.1, as the process never seems to complete properly. If the Target Mac awakes to the login window the process is complete even though the progress bar is at 100%. After unplugging the USB-C cable you will get the error above.

Apple Configurator 2 Reports RECOVERY instead of DFU Status.

MrMacintosh.com - Apple Configurator 2 Reports RECOVERY instead of DFU Status.
Apple Configurator 2 Reports RECOVERY instead of DFU Status.
If you see RECOVERY this means that BridgeOS is unable to boot and is the default status when you power on the Mac.
Failed BridgeOS Restore due to OS Version Mismatch! The Target Mac is a previous OS i.e 10.14 trying to restore a 10.15 Mac, the update will fail with an Error 10
If the Mac already failed the Upgrade, it could already be in this status. If so, you can attempt a BridgeOS restore.
Configurator could not perform the requested action. Apple Controller devices do not support this action.

This means that you selected Actions > Update, which is not supported. You need to select Actions > Advanced > Revive Device


Apple Configurator 2 BridgeOS Firmware Download Location.

Thanks MrMacintosh Reader Max C for letting me know the location of the BridgeOS Firmware files.

~/Library/Group Containers/Group.com.apple.configurator/Library/Caches/Firmware

Apple Configurator 2 Log Location

~/Library/Group Containers/xxxxxxx.group.com.apple.configurator/Library/Logs

Note that for version 2.12.1 the log does not seem to be working.

If you have any additional information or questions Contact Me!

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## Covid-19 Situation

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> Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Nemo vel ad consectetur ut aperiam. Itaque eligendi natus aperiam? Excepturi repellendus consequatur quibusdam optio expedita praesentium est adipisci dolorem ut eius!

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Nemo vel ad consectetur ut aperiam. Itaque eligendi natus aperiam? Excepturi repellendus consequatur quibusdam optio expedita praesentium est adipisci dolorem ut eius!

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*Example Caption*

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How to Restore BridgeOS on a T2 Mac + Boot a Mac to DFU Mode


# What is macvdmtool?

It is a tool from the [AsahiLinux](https://asahilinux.org/) project that lets you put an Apple Silicon Mac in DFU mode with a simple set of terminal commands.

> **Note**: macvdmtool requires that you have _two_ Apple silicon machines on hand. One acts as the "host" machine which initiates the "target" machine to perform a restore. 

# Setting up and using macvdmtool

1. Install Xcode and the Xcode commandline tools.
1. Install [Apple Configurator 2](https://apps.apple.com/us/app/apple-configurator-2/id1037126344?mt=12) from the Mac App Store.
1. Clone [macvdmtool](https://github.com/AsahiLinux/macvdmtool.git)

    ```shell
    git clone https://github.com/AsahiLinux/macvdmtool.git
    ```
1. Change into the macvdmtool directory and compile the tool
    ```text
    ~ % cd macvdmtool && make
    cc -o macvdmtool main.o -framework CoreFoundation -framework IOKit -lc++
    macvdmtool % 
    ```
1. (Optional) Copy macvdmtool to somewhere that is in the default path.
    ```text
    macvdmtool % sudo cp macvdmtool /usr/local/bin
    Password:
    macvdmtool % 
    ```
1. Launch Apple Configuration 2 and install the "Automation Tools".

    ![Install Automation Tools](/images/macvdmtool/cfgutil/install_automation.png)

    ![Install Automation Tools dialogue](/images/macvdmtool/cfgutil/install_popup.png)

    ![Install Automation Tools password prompt](/images/macvdmtool/cfgutil/install_password.png)

1. Connect the host and target Macs together via an official Apple USB-C charging cable. The cable must be plugged into the DFU port on both ends. 

    - On the M1 Macbook Air, the DFU port is the usb-c port closest to the screen. 
    - On the M1 Pro, the DFU port is the usb-c port closest to the Magsafe connector.

1. Put the target mac in DFU mode.

    ```text
    ~ % sudo macvdmtool dfu
    Mac type: J313AP
    Looking for HPM devices...
    Found: IOService:/AppleARMPE/arm-io@10F00000/AppleT810xIO/i2c0@35010000/AppleS5L8940XI2CController/hpmBusManager@6B/AppleHPMBusController/hpm0/AppleHPMARM
    Connection: Source
    Status: APP
    Unlocking... OK
    Entering DBMa mode... Status: DBMa
    Rebooting target into DFU mode... OK
    Exiting DBMa mode... OK
    ~ %
    ```
1. Confirm the device is in DFU mode by launching Apple Configurator 2. It should look like this.

    ![Apple Configurator 2 is now showing target device in DFU](/images/macvdmtool/apple_configurator/dfu.png)

1. Grab the IPSW you want to restore from [Mr. Macintosh's database](https://mrmacintosh.com/apple-silicon-m1-full-macos-restore-ipsw-firmware-files-database/).

1. Use `cfgutil` to restore that IPSW.
    ```text
    ~ % cfgutil restore -I ~/Downloads/UniversalMac_12.1_21C5021h_Restore.ipsw
    objc[53015]: Class AMSupportURLConnectionDelegate is implemented in both /usr/lib/libauthinstall.dylib (0x1da64c9e8) and /Library/Apple/System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/MobileDevice.framework/Versions/A/MobileDevice (0x104d782c8). One of the two will be used. Which one is undefined.
    objc[53015]: Class AMSupportURLSession is implemented in both /usr/lib/libauthinstall.dylib (0x1da64ca38) and /Library/Apple/System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/MobileDevice.framework/Versions/A/MobileDevice (0x104d78318). One of the two will be used. Which one is undefined.
    cfgutil: restore: target OS is 12.1

    Waiting for the device [1/2] [*******************************************]  100%
    Step 2 of 2: Installing System [2/2] [**********************************>]  99%
    ```

At this point you'll see an Apple logo and a loading bar on the target mac. 

After a few minutes, the Mac will reboot and launch the standard Setup Assistant experience.

That's it! Enjoy. 

# Future [automation](https://xkcd.com/1319/) enhancements

- Once Apple adds 12.X IPSWs to the [com_apple_macOSIPSW.xml](https://mesu.apple.com/assets/macos/com_apple_macOSIPSW/com_apple_macOSIPSW.xml) feed, I could write a script to download the latest IPSW and then execute macvdmtool and cfgutil. 
- Autopkg recipe to download latest IPSW and package it with Munki. This could be useful to distribute IPSWs to technicians.

# Have a question, clarification, or comment? 

File an issue or PR (pull request) against my blog at https://github.com/discentem/blog-content or reach out via MacAdmins Slack.

# Further Readings on DFU

See Mr. Macintosh's excellent [blog post on DFU restores](https://mrmacintosh.com/restore-macos-firmware-on-an-apple-silicon-mac-boot-to-dfu-mode/) for more information.






DFU restore Apple Silicon Macs with macvdmtool

M1/M2 DFU Restore


![M1/M2 DFU Restore](https://mrmacintosh.com/apple-silicon-m1-full-macos-restore-ipsw-firmware-files-database/)



Nemo vel ad consectetur namut rutrum ex, venenatis sollicitudin urna. Aliquam erat volutpat. Integer eu ipsum sem. Ut bibendum lacus vestibulum maximus suscipit. Quisque vitae nibh iaculis neque blandit euismod.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Nemo vel ad consectetur ut aperiam. Itaque eligendi natus aperiam? Excepturi repellendus consequatur quibusdam optio expedita praesentium est adipisci dolorem ut eius!

## Covid-19 Situation

Nam ut rutrum ex, venenatis sollicitudin urna. Aliquam erat volutpat. Integer eu ipsum sem. Ut bibendum lacus vestibulum maximus suscipit. Quisque vitae nibh iaculis neque blandit euismod.

> Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Nemo vel ad consectetur ut aperiam. Itaque eligendi natus aperiam? Excepturi repellendus consequatur quibusdam optio expedita praesentium est adipisci dolorem ut eius!

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Nemo vel ad consectetur ut aperiam. Itaque eligendi natus aperiam? Excepturi repellendus consequatur quibusdam optio expedita praesentium est adipisci dolorem ut eius!

![alter-text](/images/post/post-1.png)
*Example Caption*

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Nemo vel ad consectetur ut aperiam. Itaque eligendi natus aperiam? Excepturi repellendus consequatur quibusdam optio expedita praesentium est adipisci dolorem ut eius! Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Nemo vel ad consectetur ut aperiam. Itaque eligendi natus aperiam? Excepturi repellendus consequatur quibusdam optio expedita praesentium est adipisci dolorem ut eius!


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